New research on the gap in the sexual remuneration finds class questions and that a part -time work story has the same negative impact on the potential of gain as long -term diseases.
Women earn 25% less than men in rich households, according to a new analysis of the gap of the sexes in the United Kingdom. In the poorest households, the gap in the sexes between the sexes is much lower at 4%.
The document, published in the Cambridge Journal of Economicsanalyzed 40 years of retrospective data on the work of the longitudinal study of the British household.
Research has revealed that inequalities in remuneration are less a problem in the poorest households, because men and women in the United Kingdom earn such low wages.
The main author, Dr Vanessa GASH (City St George's, University of London)Note that the policies that focus on women at the top – such as quotas on the gender distribution of the executive councils of FSTE 100 – are not very beneficial for the poorest households and therefore may alienate them.
Dr. Gass has called parity readers for remuneration to include efforts to improve employment and the quality of remuneration for those with lower wages.
In addition to the differences per class, research has revealed that women spending less time in traditional full -time work represent an average of almost 30% of the gap for the sexes.
On average, women are more likely than men to accept jobs at reduced hours, part-time work, poorly paid work or to spend time entirely out of the workforce.
Women do it to assume attentive work unpaid, as taking care of children and parents, which has a negative impact on their income both at the immediate duration and over time.
There is a similar salary penalty to take part -time work, as there is for unpaid family care and for years in unemployment and poor health; where an increase of one year in the history of full -time work increase pay by 4% an hour, an increase of one year of part -time work history decrease pay 3% of the hour.
Research has confirmed that men still do not engage in unpaid care work.
Men spend a more continuous time in full -time employment, which has a positive impact on their gain potential.
It is difficult to beat these culturally anchored gender models, because men are faced with a higher wage penalty for part -time work than women, which makes men more expensive to reduce their working hours to engage in unpaid care work.
Sex discrimination is another major engine of the gap for the sexes.
Researchers have concluded that women are confronted with disproportionate penalties simply to be women after having checked various factors, such as women who have more part -time work and unpaid service work, or taking into account sex segregation in different industries.
The abolition of this societal sanction to be a woman could contribute to a 43% increase in women's wages. In the poorest households, the simple fact of being a woman represents 207% of the gap for the sexes.
The study also stressed that the employment of the public sector, membership of the Union and access to parental leave provides greater protection against wage inequality for women in low -income households.
Unpaid care work remains an important contributor to the remuneration gap in richer households.
The main author of Dr. Vanessa Gash said:
“Genre and class must be examined by political decision -makers to reduce the gap of the sexes.
“The efforts of decision -makers to fill the gap in the sexes must be more strongly linked to a good quality employment program for all.
“Calls for equity compensation, which focuses on the lack of women in high -power positions, are likely to alienate those of households where the two partners earn similar wages.
“In the context of the increase in political populism, there is a risk that politicians can conduct the losses of men with low milks against the gains of more to win women.
“This is particularly important for working classes, because there is a 4% substantial remuneration gap in the poorest households.
“The key to the problem is the secular question to know who does most of the unpaid care work at home, which our research confirms continues to be women.”
The newspaper was co-written by Dr. Vanessa Gash (City St George's, University of London), Professor Wendy Olsen and Dr. Sook Kim (University of Manchester) and Dr. Nadine Zwiener-Collins (University of Salzburg).
The full article is available open access via the Cambridge Journal of Economics.
